Devices and Methods for Heating Fluid Dispensers, Hoses, and Nozzles

ABSTRACT

Various exemplary devices and methods for heating fluid dispensers, hoses, and nozzles are provided. In general, the devices and methods for heating fluid dispensers, hoses, and nozzles can be configured to heat fluid dispensable by a user into a fuel tank or other type of container. In some embodiments, a fuel dispensing device can include a first passageway configured to pass fluid therethrough and can include a second passageway configured to pass heated air therethrough. The heated air passing through the second passageway can be configured to heat the fluid passing through the first passageway. In some embodiments, a fuel dispensing device can include a single hose configured to pass fluid and heated air through separate passageways therein, and the device can include a manifold configured to facilitate passage of the fluid and the heated air from separate sources into the single hose.

CROSS REFERENCE

The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional ApplicationNo. 62/078,220 entitled “A Fluid Dispensing Unit Having A HeatingSystem” filed Nov. 11, 2014, which is hereby incorporated by referencein its entirety. The present application is also a continuation-in-partof U.S. application Ser. No. 14/286,405 entitled “Devices And MethodsFor Heating Fuel Hoses And Nozzles” filed May 23, 2014, which claimspriority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/981,577 entitled“Devices And Methods For Heating Fuel Hoses And Nozzles” filed Apr. 18,2014, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

FIELD

The subject matter disclosed herein relates to devices and methods forheating fluid dispensers, hoses, and nozzles.

A typical fueling environment includes one or more fuel dispensers whichcan be used by a customer to dispense fuel into a vehicle, a portablefuel tank, or other equipment. Fuel dispensers are often located outsidewhere they are exposed to weather, which can include exposure to lowtemperatures. The low temperatures can in some instances be below thefreezing temperature of fluid being dispensed therefrom, which can causethe fluid to freeze. The fluid therefore cannot be dispensed in responseto user demand and/or the fuel dispenser can be damaged by the frozenfluid. Even if the low temperatures are not sufficiently low so as tocause the fluid to entirely freeze, the temperatures can be low enoughto cause the fluid to begin a transition to being frozen, which cancause the fluid dispenser to become clogged with ice crystals, slush,etc.

Heated cabinets for fuel dispensers have been developed to help preventfluid from freezing outdoors. However, the heated cabinets can beaesthetically unpleasing, can be cumbersome by being large and/orunwieldy, and/or can provide inefficient heating. Another approach thathas been developed to help prevent fluid from freezing outdoors has beento contain a hose and/or nozzle of the fuel dispenser within a shroud.However, the shroud can be aesthetically unpleasing, can be cumbersomeby getting in the way of a user's handling of the fuel dispenser, and/orcan provide inefficient heating.

Accordingly, there remains a need for devices and methods for heatingfluid dispensers, hoses, and nozzles.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

Devices and methods for heating fluid dispensers, hoses, and nozzles aregenerally disclosed herein.

In one embodiment, a fuel dispensing device is provided that includes ahose, a heat element, and a nozzle. The hose can have first and secondpassageways extending longitudinally therethrough. The first passagewaycan be configured to pass fluid therethrough, the second passageway canbe adjacent to and independent from the first passageway, and the secondpassageway can be configured to pass air therethrough. The heat elementcan be in communication with the second passageway and can be configuredto heat the air passing through the second passageway, thereby heatingthe fluid within the first passageway that is adjacent the secondpassageway. The nozzle can be attached to a distal end of the hose. Thefirst passageway can extend therethrough such that the fluid is allowedto exit a distal opening of the first passageway to be dispensed fromthe nozzle, the second passageway can have a distal opening that isproximal to the distal opening of the first passageway, and the distalopening of the second passageway can allow the air to pass therethrough.

In another embodiment, a fuel dispensing device can include a hose, anozzle, and a manifold. The hose can have first and second passagewaysextending therethrough. The first passageway can be configured to passfluid therethrough, and the second passageway can be configured to passheated air therethrough. The nozzle can be attached to the hose, canhave the first and second passageways extending therethrough, can beconfigured to dispense the fluid from the first passageway, and can beconfigured to release the heated air. The manifold can have a firstopening configured to communicate with the first and second passageways,can have a second opening in fluid communication with the first openingand configured to communicate with a fluid supply that supplies thefluid to the first passageway, and can have a third opening in fluidcommunication with the first opening and configured to communicate withan air supply that supplies the air to the second passageway. Themanifold can be configured to prevent the fluid passing through thefirst and second openings from mixing with the air passing through thefirst and third openings.

In another embodiment, a fuel dispensing device includes a hoseconfigured to pass fluid therethrough, a nozzle attached to a distal endof the hose, a housing, a heat element, a sensor, and a controller. Thenozzle can be configured to receive the fluid from the hose, can beconfigured to dispense the fluid from a distal end thereof, and can beconfigured to pass air therethrough such that air is allowed to passthrough an opening of the nozzle. The fluid and the air can be preventedfrom mixing together within the nozzle. The housing can have a cavityconfigured to releasably seat the nozzle therein. The heat element canbe configured to heat the air passing through the nozzle. The sensor canbe configured to sense a temperature. The controller can be configuredto allow the heat element to provide heat therefrom when the sensedtemperature is above a predetermined threshold temperature, and thecontroller can be configured to prevent the heat element from providingheat when the sensed temperature is below the predetermined thresholdtemperature.

In another embodiment, a fuel dispensing device includes a hose, anozzle, a heat element, a sensor, and a controller. The hose can have afirst passageway extending longitudinally therethrough. The firstpassageway can be configured to pass fluid therethrough. The nozzle canbe attached to a distal end of the hose. The first passageway can extendtherethrough such that the fluid is allowed to be dispensed from thenozzle. The nozzle can include a second passageway extendingtherethrough and being configured to pass air therethrough such that airis allowed to pass through an opening of the nozzle. The secondpassageway can be adjacent to and independent from the first passageway.The heat element can be configured to heat the air passing through thesecond passageway. The sensor can be configured to sense a temperatureadjacent the opening of the nozzle. The controller can be configured toallow the heat element to provide heat therefrom when the sensedtemperature is above a predetermined threshold temperature, and thecontroller can be configured to prevent the heat element from providingheat when the sensed temperature is below the predetermined thresholdtemperature.

In another embodiment, a fuel dispensing device includes a housingconfigured to be coupled to a fuel supply, a nozzle boot coupled to thehousing, a heating element disposed at least partially within thehousing and configured to heat air, and a tubular member having an innerlumen extending therethrough. The nozzle boot can be configured toremovably and replaceably seat a fuel-dispensing nozzle therein. An airexit opening of the inner lumen can be located adjacent to the nozzleboot. The fuel dispensing device also includes a flow mechanismconfigured to urge the air heated by the heating element to flow throughthe inner lumen of the tubular member so as to direct the air heated bythe heating element out of the air exit opening and into the nozzleboot.

In another embodiment, a fuel dispensing device includes a housing, anozzle boot positioned on the housing and configured to releasably andreplaceably seat a fuel-dispensing nozzle, a heating element disposed atleast partially within the housing, and a first conduit extendingthrough the housing to the nozzle boot. The first conduit can beconfigured to pass air heated by the heating element from the housingthrough an inner lumen of the first conduit and into the nozzle boot.The fuel dispensing device also includes a flow mechanism configured tourge the air heated by the heating element to flow through the innerlumen.

In another aspect, a fuel dispensing method is provided that in oneembodiment includes allowing passage of fluid through a first passagewayof a fuel dispensing system and out of the fuel dispensing systemthrough a nozzle of the fuel dispensing system, and forcing heated airthrough a second passageway of the fuel dispensing system. The secondpassageway can be disposed within the first passageway, a sidewalldefining the second passageway can prevent the heated air within thesecond passageway from mixing with the fluid within the firstpassageway, the heated air can heat the fluid within the firstpassageway, and the heated air can pass through the fuel dispensingsystem through the nozzle.

In another embodiment, a fuel dispensing system can include allowingpassage of fluid through a first passageway of a fuel dispensing systemand out of the fluid dispensing system through a nozzle of the fueldispensing system, and forcing heated air through a second passageway ofthe fuel dispensing system. The second passageway can be adjacent to thefirst passageway such that the heated air within the second passagewayheats the fluid within the first passageway. The first passageway can beseparate from the second passageway so as to prevent the heated airwithin the second passageway from mixing with the fluid within the firstpassageway. The method can also include allowing the heated air to exitthe second passageway into a cavity of the fuel dispensing system,sensing a temperature, and heating the air when the sensed temperatureis above a predetermined threshold temperature and not heating the airwhen the temperature is below the predetermined threshold temperature.

In another aspect, a fluid dispensing device is provided that in oneembodiment includes a hose configured to pass fluid therethrough, anozzle attached to a distal end of the hose, a nozzle boot configured toremovably and replaceably seat the nozzle, and a heating elementconfigured to heat air directed into the nozzle boot so as to allow theheated air to heat the nozzle when the nozzle is seated in the nozzleboot. The hose can have first and second coaxial passageways extendingtherethrough. The first and second coaxial passageways can be configuredto facilitate heating of the fluid flowing through the hose. The nozzlecan be configured to dispense the fluid therefrom.

In another aspect, a fluid dispensing unit is provided that in oneembodiment includes a fluid hose configured to pass fluid therethrough,a nozzle connected to a distal end of the fluid hose and configured todispense fluid from the fluid dispensing unit to a vehicle, a heatingelement, a fan in communication with the heating element and driven by amotor, and a first conduit configured to pass air heated by the heatingelement therethrough by means of the fan. The first conduit has a distalopening which is proximal to the nozzle in order to direct the heatedair thereto.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

These and other features will be more readily understood from thefollowing detailed description taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a hose and anozzle of a fuel dispensing device;

FIG. 2 is a side, partially cross-sectional view of the hose of FIG. 1attached to a manifold that is attached to a fluid supply, an airsupply, and a power supply and control;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the hose of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a manifold of afuel dispensing device;

FIG. 5 is a side schematic view of another embodiment of a manifold of afuel dispensing device;

FIG. 6 is a top schematic view of the manifold of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional schematic view of the manifold of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is another cross-sectional schematic view of the manifold of FIG.6;

FIG. 9 is a perspective schematic view of a top portion of anotherembodiment of a manifold of a fuel dispensing device;

FIG. 10 is a perspective schematic view of a bottom portion of themanifold of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a bottom schematic view of the top portion of FIG. 9;

FIG. 12 is a side schematic cross-sectional view of the top portion ofFIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a bottom schematic view of the bottom portion of FIG. 10;

FIG. 14 is a side schematic view of the bottom portion of FIG. 10;

FIG. 15 is a side schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of thebottom portion of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a perspective schematic view of an embodiment of a fueldispensing device including a hose and a nozzle;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the nozzle of FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is a perspective schematic view of the nozzle of FIG. 16;

FIG. 19 is a perspective schematic view of a portion of the fueldispensing device of FIG. 16 including a manifold;

FIG. 20 is another perspective schematic view of the portion of FIG. 19;

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a fuel dispensingdevice including a hose and a nozzle;

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a portion of the fuel dispensing deviceof FIG. 21 including a manifold;

FIG. 23 is another perspective view of a portion of the fuel dispensingdevice of FIG. 21 including a manifold;

FIG. 24 is a side partially cross-sectional view of a hose and a nozzleof a fuel dispensing device;

FIG. 25 is a perspective view of another portion of the fuel dispensingdevice of FIG. 24;

FIG. 26 is a side schematic cross-sectional view of another embodimentof a fuel dispensing device;

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a fuel dispensingdevice including an air containment mechanism;

FIG. 28 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fuel dispensingdevice of FIG. 26 including an air containment mechanism;

FIG. 29 is a graph showing temperature versus time for a test of anembodiment of a fuel dispensing device including a 220 W heat cablehaving air supplied thereto from a compressor;

FIG. 30 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a fuel dispensingdevice including a heating system;

FIG. 31 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a fuel dispensingdevice including a heating system; and

FIG. 32 is a schematic view of yet another embodiment of a fueldispensing device including a heating system.

It is noted that the drawings are not necessarily to scale. The drawingsare intended to depict only typical aspects of the subject matterdisclosed herein, and therefore should not be considered as limiting thescope of the disclosure. In the drawings, like numbering represents likeelements between the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Certain exemplary embodiments will now be described to provide anoverall understanding of the principles of the structure, function,manufacture, and use of the devices, systems, and methods disclosedherein. One or more examples of these embodiments are illustrated in theaccompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will understand that thedevices, systems, and methods specifically described herein andillustrated in the accompanying drawings are non-limiting exemplaryembodiments and that the scope of the present invention is definedsolely by the claims. In the present disclosure, like-named componentsof the embodiments generally have similar features, and thus within aparticular embodiment each feature of each like-named component is notnecessarily fully elaborated upon. Additionally, to the extent thatlinear or circular dimensions are used in the description of thedisclosed systems, devices, and methods, such dimensions are notintended to limit the types of shapes that can be used in conjunctionwith such systems, devices, and methods. The features illustrated ordescribed in connection with one exemplary embodiment may be combinedwith the features of other embodiments. Such modifications andvariations are intended to be included within the scope of the presentinvention.

Various exemplary devices and methods for heating fluid dispensers,hoses, and nozzles are provided. The devices and methods disclosedherein produce a number of advantages and/or technical effects.

In general, the devices and methods for heating fluid dispensers, hoses,and nozzles can be configured to heat fluid dispensable by a user into afuel tank or other type of container, thereby helping to prevent thefluid from freezing if the fluid is in an environment having atemperature below the fluid's freezing point. In some embodiments, afuel dispensing device can include a first passageway configured to passfluid therethrough and can include a second passageway configured topass heated air therethrough. The heated air passing through the secondpassageway can be configured to heat the fluid passing through the firstpassageway. The first and second passageways can be independent from oneanother such that the air does not mix with the fluid and, hence, doesnot dilute or otherwise affect the integrity of the fluid. The first andsecond passageways can be coaxial with one another with the secondpassageway being disposed within the first passageway, e.g., a tubepassing the heated air being disposed within a tube passing the fluid.The first and second passageways can extend through a hose and a nozzleof the fuel dispenser, which can help prevent the fluid from freezingwithin either of the hose or the nozzle. The fluid can be configured tobe heated from within the hose and the nozzle, which can allow the fluidto be heated without any external heating components being visible tothe user dispensing the fluid, thereby allowing for a more visuallyappealing fuel dispenser and/or allowing the fluid to be heated withoutheating-related components being physically in the user's way when theuser is dispensing the fluid so as to make using the dispensercumbersome and/or require user movement of a shroud before dispensingfluid. Because the heat source that heats the fluid can be very close tothe fluid, as opposed to various traditional heating techniques such asheated cabinets, lower wattage can be used to heat the fluid, therebyreducing adverse effects of thermodynamic loss, improving efficiency,saving energy, and/or reducing monetary cost. The air can enter the hosein an unheated state or in a heated state. If the air enters the hose inan unheated state, the fuel dispenser can be configured to heat the airafter the air enters the hose, such as with a heating element disposedat least partially within the hose.

In some embodiments, a fuel dispensing device can include a single hoseconfigured to pass fluid and heated air through separate passagewaystherein, and the device can include a manifold configured to facilitatepassage of the fluid and the heated air from separate sources into thesingle hose. The manifold can include first, second, and third couplingelements. The first coupling element can be configured to attach to aproximal end of the hose. A distal end of the hose can be configured toattach to a nozzle configured to dispense the fluid therefrom. Thesecond coupling element can be in fluid communication with the firstcoupling element, and can be configured to couple to a fluid source(e.g., a reservoir, a tank, etc.) that supplies the fluid. The thirdcoupling element can be in fluid communication with the first couplingelement without being in fluid communication with the second couplingelement, and can be configured to couple to an air supply (e.g., an airpump, an air compressor, etc.) that supplies the air. The manifold canthus be configured to allow the fluid and the air to simultaneously flowthrough the single hose while allowing the fluid to be heated withoutthe air heating the fluid mixing with the fluid. The air supply can beconfigured to supply the air in an unheated state or in a heated state.If the air supply supplies the air in an unheated state, the fueldispenser can be configured to heat the air after being suppliedthereto, such as with a heating element.

In some embodiments, a fuel dispensing device can be configured to heata nozzle of the fuel dispensing device when the nozzle is in an idleposition, e.g., is seated in a nozzle boot of the fuel dispensingdevice. The nozzle is a component which is especially exposed to coldand which is hard to heat in an efficient manner since it is located onan outer portion of the fluid dispensing device. The methods and devicesprovided herein can help heat the exposed nozzle in an efficient manner.Fuel can thus be properly dispensed on demand from the nozzle even ifthe nozzle has been sitting idle in a cold temperature for any length oftime since the nozzle can be heated while idle. The fuel dispensingdevice can be configured to heat the nozzle in an idle position usingindependent first and second passageways in a hose of the device and/orthe nozzle of the device, such as the first and second coaxialpassageways mentioned above. Alternatively or in addition, the fueldispensing device can be configured to heat the nozzle in an idleposition using a conduit disposed within a housing of the fueldispensing device, e.g., within a cabinet of the fuel dispensing devicethat contains various components of the device therein, and having aheated fluid exit opening directed toward a nozzle boot of the fueldispensing device configured to seat the nozzle therein. The fueldispensing device can include a mechanism such as a fan or a pumpconfigured to direct the heated fluid through the conduit toward thenozzle boot. This mechanism can also be configured to direct heatedfluid through at least one additional conduit disposed within thehousing of the fuel dispensing device and configured to heat thehousing, e.g., heat an interior of the housing. The housing can thus beefficiently heated and can help prevent the freezing and/orcrystallization of fuel dispensed by the fuel dispensing device. The atleast one additional conduit can have a heated fluid exit openingdirected toward a bottom of the housing's interior, thereby allowing theheated fluid exiting from the opening to rise upwards within thehousing's interior to facilitate heating of the entire interior. In someembodiments, the fuel dispensing device can be configured to heat thehousing without directing heated fluid through a conduit toward thenozzle boot. This can help reduce manufacturing costs of the fueldispensing device and/or can help reduce a number of components disposedwithin a top portion of the housing (e.g., within an electronicscomponent of the housing) so as to facilitate repair and/or replacementof the top portion of the housing and/or components contained in the topportion of the housing.

The fuel dispensing devices described herein can be configured todispense any kind of fluid, as will be appreciated by a person skilledin the art. In some embodiments, the fluid can include a fuel of anytype of ammonia/water blend usable in automobiles. In an exemplaryembodiment, the fuel dispensing devices described herein can beconfigured to dispense diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), e.g., AdBlue®. InEurope AUS32 is generally sold under the trade mark of AdBlue®, and inNorth America the trade name for AUS32 is diesel exhaust fluid or DEF.Accordingly, the terms AUS32, AdBlue®, and DEF used herein refer to thesame material. DEF has a freezing temperature of 12° F. (−11° C.) andwill begin to crystallize at 19° F. (−7° C.), which can make heating ofDEF using the devices and methods described herein desirable ingeographic areas with colder climates that may have temperatures near orbelow 19° F. at any point during the year.

AUS32 can be helpful in reducing harmful NO_(x) emissions. One techniqueused to reduce the amount of harmful NO_(x) emissions is selectivecatalytic reduction (SCR). The basic idea of SCR is to convert NO_(x)into harmless diatomic nitrogen (N₂) and water (H₂O). The reaction isenabled using a reductant which is added onto a catalyst. Severalreductants may be used such as anhydrous ammonia, aqueous ammonia, orurea. A standard is established for using a SCR reductant in dieselpowered vehicles. The reductant used is an aqueous urea solution havinga urea concentration of 32.5%. In order to obtain the correctconcentration the urea is mixed with demineralized water. When thediesel engine is running AUS32 can be added into the exhaust flow,before or in the catalytic converter, by an amount corresponding to 3-5%of the diesel consumption. When AUS32 is added to the exhaust flow of adiesel engine, the engine can be operated more intensely withoutgenerating more NO_(x) emissions. The devices and methods describedherein can thus be desirable to use in fluid dispensing systems thatinvolve the dispensing of diesel fuel.

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a fuel dispensing device configuredto heat fluid 104 that can be dispensed therefrom. The device caninclude a hose 100 and a nozzle 102. The fuel dispensing device can alsoinclude a movable element 114, also referred to herein as a “swivel,”disposed between the hose 100 and the nozzle 102 that can be configuredto allow the nozzle 102 to be selectively oriented relative to the hose100. In general, the hose 100 and the nozzle 102 can each be configuredto have the fluid 104 pass therethrough and to have a gas, e.g., air106, pass therethrough. The air 106 can be configured to heat the fluid104 non-invasively such that the air 106 does not mix with the fluid 104within the hose 100 or within the nozzle 102. The nozzle 102 can beconfigured to release the fluid 104 and the air 106 therefrom. Thenozzle 102 can be configured to selectively release the fluid 104therefrom through a fluid exit opening 110, e.g., in response to usermanipulation of a dispensing trigger 108 of the nozzle 102, as generallyindicated by a fluid exit arrow 116. The nozzle 102 can be configured toautomatically pass the air 106 therethrough by releasing the fluid 104therefrom through an air exit opening 112, as generally indicated by airexit arrows 118. The fuel dispensing device can thus dispense the fluid104 on demand in accordance with a user's typical expectations of fluiddispensing, e.g., at a gas station, while also providing for heating ofthe fluid 104 so as to reduce chances of the fluid 104 freezing withinthe hose 100 and/or within the nozzle 102.

The hose 100 can be configured as a coaxial hose and include a pluralityof coaxial tubes. In this illustrated embodiment, the hose 100 includesan outer tube 120 and an inner tube 124 coaxial with and disposed withinthe outer tube 120. For example, another embodiment of a hose (notshown) can include two tubes similar to the outer and inner tubes 120,124 and include at least one protective outer tubes therearound.

The outer tube 120 and the inner tube 124 can have a variety of sizes,shapes, and configurations. In an exemplary embodiment, the inner tube124 can have an inside diameter, e.g., diameter of its interior lumen,that is about two-thirds of its outside diameter. For example, the innertube 124 can have an outside diameter in a range of about 0.75 in.(19.05 mm) to 0.83 in. (21.0 mm) and an inside diameter of about 0.5 in.

The outer tube 120 can be configured as a protective member to helpprevent the fluid 104 and/or the air 106 from escaping from the hose102. The outer tube 120 can be flexible, which can facilitate usermanipulation of the hose 100.

A gap of space 122 can be defined between an inner surface 123 of theouter tube 120 and an outer surface 125 of the inner tube 124. The space122, also referred to herein as a “fluid cavity” and an “fluidpassageway,” can be configured to pass the fluid 104 therethrough. Thefluid 104 can be configured to be selectively advanced through the space122 in response to user actuation of the trigger 108, as will beappreciated by a person skilled in the art.

The fluid cavity 122 can be configured to be in fluid communication witha fluid supply that stores a supply of fluid to be dispensed using thehose 100 and the nozzle 102. The fluid supply can have a variety ofconfigurations, as will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art.FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a fluid supply 126 that can be influid communication with the fluid cavity 122. The fluid supply 126 inthis illustrated embodiment is in the form of a reservoir configured tobe located underground. The fluid 104 can be configured to be advancedinto the fluid passageway 122 from the fluid supply 126 through a fluidmeter 128. The fluid meter 128 can be configured to measure an amount offluid 104 dispensed from the fluid supply 128, as will be appreciated bya person skilled in the art, in order to, e.g., assess proper billingfor dispensed fluid. The fluid 104 can also pass through a manifold 130between the fluid supply 126 and the space 122, as discussed furtherbelow. The fluid meter 128 can be coupled to a housing (not shown) ofthe fuel dispensing device and can be located entirely inside thehousing, entirely outside the housing, or partially inside and partiallyoutside the housing. Locating the fluid meter 128 at least partiallyoutside the housing can facilitate repair and/or upgrade of broken oroutdated parts without requiring opening of the housing at all and/oropening of the housing in an easier way than if the part being repairedand/or upgraded is entirely within the housing.

The inner tube 124, also referred to herein as an “air tube” and an “airpassageway,” can be configured to pass the air 106 therethrough. The air106 can be configured to flow through the air tube 124 without userintervention. In other words, the air 106 can be configured toautomatically flow through the air tube 124. The air 106 can thus beconfigured to automatically heat the fluid 104 in the space 122surrounding the air tube 124, as discussed further below. The inner tube124 can be flexible, which can facilitate user manipulation of the hose100.

The air tube 124 can be configured to be in fluid communication with anair supply that provides air flow through the air tube 124. The airsupply can have a variety of configurations, as will be appreciated by aperson skilled in the art. The air supply can be coupled to a housing(not shown) of the fuel dispensing device and can be located entirelyinside the housing, entirely outside the housing, or partially insideand partially outside the housing. Locating the air supply at leastpartially outside the housing can facilitate repair and/or upgrade ofbroken or outdated parts without requiring opening of the housing at alland/or opening of the housing in an easier way than if the part beingrepaired and/or upgraded is entirely within the housing. FIG. 2illustrates an embodiment of an air supply that can be in fluidcommunication with the air tube 124. An intake opening 132 can beconfigured to allow air to pass therethrough in a direction toward apump 136. The intake opening 132 can include, for example, a check valveconfigured to allow passage therethrough in one direction, e.g., towardthe hose 100, while preventing passage therethrough in an oppositedirection, e.g., away from the hose 100, as shown by air intakedirectional arrows 134. The intake opening 132 can be configured toallow ambient air to enter therein and/or a dedicated air source can becoupled to the intake valve 132 to provide air thereto.

The air supply can include a pump 136 positioned between the intakevalve 132 and the air tube 124. The pump 136 can be configured to forceair that enters the intake opening 132 in a direction toward the hose100, as indicated by air flow directional arrows 138. The pump 136 canthus be configured to direct air flow through the air tube 124, e.g.,supply air thereto. In addition to or instead of the pump 136, the airsupply can include an air compressor configured to provide compressed orpressurized air to the air tube 124.

The pump 136 can be configured to run continuously so as to continuouslyforce the air 106 through the air tube 124. Continuously running the air106 through the air tube 124 can help ensure that the fluid 104 withinthe hose 100 and/or the nozzle 102 does not freeze since heated air cancontinuously flow adjacent the fluid 104. Alternatively, the pump 136can be configured to run non-continuously, e.g., intermittently, suchthat the air 106 is only sometimes forced through the air tube 124.Non-continuously running the air 106 through the air tube 124 can helpreduce wear and tear on the pump 136 and/or can help prevent the air 106from flowing through the air tube 124 when the fluid 104 is not at atemperature at which it may freeze or begin to freeze.

The pump 136 can be configured to not pump the air 106 based on ameasured temperature. If the measured temperature is above apredetermined threshold temperature, then the pump 136 can be configuredto not pump the air 106 since at such a measured temperature the fluid104 can be presumed to not be in danger of freezing. If the measuredtemperature is below the predetermined threshold temperature, then thepump 136 can be configured to pump the air 106 since at such a measuredtemperature the fluid 104 can be presumed to be in danger of freezing.The predetermined threshold temperature can be based on a freezing pointof the fluid 104. In some embodiments, the predetermined thresholdtemperature can be the fluid's freezing temperature. In otherembodiments, the predetermined threshold temperature can be slightlyabove the fluid's freezing temperature, e.g., 3° above the fluid'sfreezing temperature, 5° above the fluid's freezing temperature, etc.

In some embodiments, the measured temperature can be a sensedtemperature of the fluid 104 in the hose 100 and/or in the nozzle 102.The fluid's temperature in the hose 100 and/or in the nozzle 102 can besensed using a temperature sensor, as will be appreciated by a personskilled in the art. Using the fluid's temperature as a trigger for thepump's pumping action can help accurately control air flow on anas-needed basis, but positioning a sensor to measure the fluid'stemperature can increase a size of the hose 100 and/or the nozzle 102and/or impede flow of the fluid 104 within the space 122. Any number ofsensors can be used to measure fluid temperature.

In some embodiments, the measured temperature can be an ambienttemperature outside of the hose 100 and outside of the nozzle 102, e.g.,an ambient outdoor temperature. The ambient temperature can be sensedusing a temperature sensor, as will be appreciated by a person skilledin the art. Any number of sensors can be used to measure ambienttemperature. Using the ambient temperature as a trigger for the pump'spumping action may be less accurate than using the fluid's temperatureas a trigger for the pump's pumping action since the fluid 104 can bewarmer inside the hose 100 and/or the nozzle 102 than the ambienttemperature, but the ambient temperature can nevertheless provide areliable indication of when it would be prudent to heat the fluid 104 tohelp avoid freezing of the fluid 104. In an exemplary embodiment, anambient temperature of 5° C. can be used as the predetermined thresholdtemperature when the fluid includes DEF. In some embodiments, theambient temperature can be measured using a sensor positioned at thefluid exit opening 110 of the nozzle 102 where the fluid 104 can be mostclosely exposed to weather such that using that measured temperature incontrolling heating can help ensure that the fluid 104 does not freezeat the fluid exit opening 110 or elsewhere in the nozzle 102 or hose100. In some embodiments, the ambient temperature can be measured usinga sensor attached to a housing (not shown) of the fuel dispensingdevice, either on an exterior surface thereof where the sensor isdirectly exposed to weather or within the housing where the sensor isnot directly exposed to weather. In some embodiments, the ambienttemperature can be measured using a sensor attached to a nozzle boot(not shown) that seats the nozzle 102 when not in use. In someembodiments, ambient temperature sensors can be located in multiplelocations, and the lowest measured temperature from any of the sensorscan be used to control heating, thereby helping to ensure that fluid 104is adequately protected from freezing regardless of its location withinthe hose 100 or the nozzle 102.

In some embodiments, both fluid temperature and ambient temperature canbe used to control the pump 136 such that if at least one of apredetermined fluid temperature and a predetermined ambient temperatureis exceeded, the pump 136 can begin pumping the air 106.

The pump 136 can include an on-board controller 140, e.g., amicroprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), etc., configured tocontrol the pump 136 based on the measured temperature. The controller140 can be in communication with the sensor(s) configured to measuretemperature and control the pump 136 based on measurements received fromthe sensor(s), e.g., turn the pump 136 on or off in accordance with thesensed temperatures. The pump 136 can include other electroniccomponents configured to facilitate the controller's data processing,such as a memory, a printed circuit board, etc. In some embodiments, thecontroller can be located remotely from the pump 136 and can be in wiredor wireless electronic communication therewith.

In some embodiments, the air 106 that enters the intake opening 132 canbe heated. For example, the air entering the intake opening 132 can comefrom a supply of heated air.

Alternatively, the air 106 that enters the intake opening 132 can beunheated, e.g., be ambient air. This can provide more flexibility to thesystem than providing heated air. In some embodiments, the intakeopening 132 can have a heating element disposed therein configured toheat the air 106 as the air 106 passes therethrough. The air 106 can,however, lose heat as it travels from the intake opening 132 to the hose100 and then to the nozzle 102. In some embodiments, as in thisillustrated embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-3, the air passageway 124can have a heating element 142 disposed therein. The heating element 142can be configured to heat the air 106 as it passes thereby through theair tube 124. The heating element 142 is closer to the hose 100 and thenozzle 102 than a heating element disposed at the intake opening 132,which can more efficiently heat the air 106 and/or can more likelyprevent freezing of the fluid 104 within the hose 100 and the nozzle102. In some embodiments, a heating element can be provided at theintake opening 132 and another heating element can be provided withinthe air tube 124.

The heating element 142 can have a variety of sizes, shapes, andconfigurations. In some embodiments, the heating element 142 can includea positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater configured to beself-regulating such that the colder the temperature (e.g., the colderthe sensed ambient and/or fluid temperature), the more heat provided bythe PTC heater. As in this illustrated embodiment, the heating element142 can include a heat cable. Various heat cables can be used, as willbe appreciated by a person skilled in the art, such as a Class I,Division 1 Underwriters Laboratories (UL) approved heater cable and suchas a heat cable appropriate for usage in a hazardous area (e.g., apetrol station, etc.) and complying with European standard EN-13617.

The heating element 142 can be disposed within the hose 100, as shown inFIGS. 1 and 2, which can efficiently prevent the fluid 104 within thehose 100 from freezing with a relatively low amount of heating power,e.g., about 20 W per foot. The heating element 142 can extend throughsubstantially an entire longitudinal length of the hose 100, as alsoshown in FIGS. 1 and 2, with a distal terminal end of the heatingelement 142 being located just proximal of the swivel 114 and hencelocated proximal of the nozzle 102. The hose 100 can be relatively long,e.g., in a range of about 10 to 12 feet, so having the heating element142 disposed within a substantial longitudinal length of the hose 100can help reduce the effects of thermodynamic loss, e.g., as opposed to aheating element located at one end of the hose 100 or a heating elementnot disposed within the hose 100 at all, and can help ensure that heatis provided to the fluid 104 in the nozzle 102 since the heat need nottravel far from the heating element 142 to reach the fluid 104 in thenozzle 102.

The heating element 142 can, as shown in FIG. 2, be coupled to a powersupply and control 144 configured to provide power, e.g., via battery,via electric power outlet, etc., to the heating element 142 via aheating element control cable 146 extending between the power supply andcontrol 144 and the heating element 142. The power supply and control144 can be configured to continuously heat the heating element 142.Continuously heating the heating element 142 can help ensure that thefluid 104 in the hose 100 and/or the nozzle 102 does not freeze, butthis continuous heating can be expensive and/or increase risk of wearingout and/or otherwise damaging the heating element 142 and/or the powersupply and control 144. In especially cold climates, however,continuously running the heating element 142 can be desirable.Alternatively, the power supply and control 144 can be configured tonon-continuously, e.g., intermittently, heat the heating element 142.Non-continuously heating the heating element 142 can help reduce wearand tear on the heating element 142 and/or the power supply and control144 and/or can help prevent the heating element 142 from providing heatwhen the fluid 104 is not at a temperature at which it may freeze orbegin to freeze. The heating element 142 can be coupled to a housing(not shown) of the fuel dispensing device and can be located entirelyinside the housing, entirely outside the housing, or partially insideand partially outside the housing. Similarly, the power supply andcontrol 144 can be coupled to a housing (not shown) of the fueldispensing device and can be located entirely inside the housing,entirely outside the housing, or partially inside and partially outsidethe housing. Locating the heating element 142 and/or the power supplyand control 144 at least partially outside the housing can facilitaterepair and/or upgrade of broken or outdated parts without requiringopening of the housing at all and/or opening of the housing in an easierway than if the part being repaired and/or upgraded is entirely withinthe housing.

The heating element 142 can be configured to provide heat 106 based on ameasured temperature. Similar to that discussed above regarding the pump136, if the measured temperature is above a predetermined thresholdtemperature, then the heating element 142 can be configured to notprovide heat, e.g., the power supply and control 144 can be configuredto not provide power to the heating element 142, and if the measuredtemperature is below the predetermined threshold temperature, then theheating element 142 can be configured to provide heat, e.g., the powersupply and control 144 can be configured to provide power to the heatingelement 142. Also similar to that discussed above regarding the pump136, the power supply and control 144 can include an on-boardcontroller, as in this illustrated embodiment, or the controller can belocated remotely from the power supply and can be in wired or wirelesselectronic communication therewith. The power supply and control 144 caninclude other electronic components configured to facilitate thecontroller's data processing, such as a memory, a printed circuit board,etc.

The movable element 114 can have a variety of sizes, shapes, andconfigurations. In an exemplary embodiment, the movable element 114 canbe configured to rotate or “swivel” relative to the hose 100 about alongitudinal axis of the hose 100, which can allow the nozzle 102 to bedesirably positioned relative thereto and accordingly improve usabilityof the fuel dispensing device.

The movable element 114 can be configured to break away from the hose100 so as to allow the nozzle 102 to be detached from the hose 100 inresponse to an amount of force applied thereto. This can be a safetyfeature. For example, if a user accidentally drives away with the nozzle102 still attached to their vehicle, the movable element 114, with thenozzle 102 attached thereto, can be break away from the hose 100,thereby avoiding potentially very serious damage caused by the hose 100and/or the fuel dispensing device being pulled away due to the force ofthe moving vehicle.

The movable element 114 can include an adapter portion 117 and abreakaway portion 115 configured to facilitate the breaking away of themovable element 114, and the nozzle attached thereto 102, from the hose100. The adapter portion 117 can be proximal to the breakaway portion115 and can be configured to remain attached to the hose 100 in theevent that the breakaway portion 115 is actuated in response to atypicalforce being applied to the nozzle 102 and/or the hose 100. The adapterportion 117 of the movable element 114 can be configured to be in afixed position relative to the hose 100 so as to remain stationarythereto, with the breakaway portion 115 of the movable element 114 beingconfigured to swivel as discussed herein.

The breakaway portion 115 can be configured to be self-sealing. Thebreakaway portion 115 can be configured automatically seal so as toclose newly exposed open ends of the fuel passageway 122 and the airpassageway 124 when the breakaway portion 115 “breaks.” In this way, thebreakaway portion 115 can be configured to prevent the fuel 104 fromleaking out of the fuel passageway 122 and to prevent the air 106 fromleaving out of the air passageway 124 in the event that the movableelement 114, and the nozzle 102 attached thereto, are separated from thehose 100. The breakaway portion 115 can be located outside of the nozzle102, e.g., entirely proximal to the nozzle 102, as in this illustratedembodiment, which can allow for improved flexibility in nozzle designsand/or for easier manufacturing of nozzles. The breakaway portion 115can be located entirely distal to the heating element 142, which canhelp prevent damage to the heating element 142 in the event that thebreakaway portion 115 is activated when the nozzle 102 is separated fromthe hose 110. The breakaway portion 115 can be configured to self-sealin a variety of ways. As in this illustrated embodiment, the breakawayportion 115 can include one or more sealing elements 121 configured topinch together upon the breaking, thereby sealing the fuel passageway122 and the air passageway 124.

The movable element 114 can include a break region 119 configured tofacilitate the breaking away of the breakaway portion 115 from theadapter portion 117 and from the hose 100. The break region 119 caninclude scoring that extends circumferentially around the movableelement 114, as in this illustrated embodiment, although the breakregion 119 can have other configurations, e.g., a weakened area ofthinner and/or different material than a remainder of the movableelement's sidewall.

The manifold 130 can have a variety of sizes, shapes, andconfigurations. The manifold 130, shown in FIG. 2, can be configured tofacilitate passage of the fluid 104 from the fluid supply 126 into thehose 100 and passage of the air 106 from the air supply into the hose100 without the fluid 104 mixing with the air 106. The manifold 130 caninclude a first opening 148 through which the air 106 can flow from theair supply, e.g., into which the pump 136 can pump the air 106. Adjacentthe first opening 148 can be a first coupling element 150 configured tomate with the air supply, e.g., with a tube 152 through which the air106 flows from the pump 136. The first coupling element 150 in thisillustrated embodiment includes a tube into which the tube 152 can mateby, e.g., interference fit.

The manifold 130 can include a second opening 154 through which thefluid 104 can flow from the fluid supply 126. Adjacent the secondopening 154 can be a second coupling element 156 configured to mate withthe fluid supply 126, e.g., with a tube 158 through which the fluid 104flows. The second coupling element 156 in this illustrated embodimentincludes a thread configured to threadably mate with a threaded member160 at an end of the tube 158. The first and second openings 148, 154can not be in fluid communication, which can help prevent the fluid 104passing through the second opening 154 from mixing with the air 106passing through the first opening 148.

The manifold 130 can include a third opening 162 into which the controlcable 146 can extend. Adjacent the third opening 162 can be a thirdcoupling element 164 configured to mate with the control cable 146,e.g., with a coupling element 166 at an end of the control cable 146.The third coupling element 164 in this illustrated embodiment includes atube into which the coupling element 166 can mate by, e.g., interferencefit. The third opening 162 can be in communication with the firstopening 148, which can allow the heating element 142 and the air 106 tobe in contact with one another. The third opening 162 can thus not be incommunication with the second opening 154, similar to the first opening148.

The manifold 130 can include a fourth opening 168 through which the air106 can flow after entering the manifold 130 through the first opening,through which the fluid 104 can flow after entering the manifold throughthe second opening 154, and through which the heating element 142extending from the coupling element 166 at the third opening 162 canextend. Adjacent the fourth opening 168 can be a fourth coupling element170 configured to mate with the hose 100, e.g., with a proximal endthereof that is opposite to a distal end thereof configured to mate tothe nozzle 102. The fourth coupling element 170 in this illustratedembodiment includes a thread configured to threadably mate with a thread172 at the proximal end of the hose 100.

FIG. 4-8 illustrates another embodiment of a manifold 230. The manifold230 in this illustrated embodiment includes a first opening 248 throughwhich air can flow, a first coupling element 250 configured to mate withan air supply, a second opening 254 through which fluid can flow, asecond coupling element 256 configured to mate with a fluid supply, athird opening 262 through which a heating element control cable canextend, a third coupling element 264 configured to mate with the controlcable, a fourth opening 268 through which the air and the fluid can flowand through which the heating element can extend, and a fourth couplingelement 270 configured to mate with a hose. In this illustratedembodiment, the first coupling element 250 includes a tube, the secondcoupling element 256 includes a thread, the third coupling element 264includes a thread, and the fourth coupling element 266 includes athread. Like the manifold 130 of FIG. 2, the manifold 230 in thisillustrated embodiment is a unitary piece, e.g., a singular element.

FIGS. 9-15 illustrate another embodiment of a manifold (not shownassembled) that includes a first, upper portion 331 and a second, lowerportion 333. A first base 335 of the first portion 331 can be configuredto face and mate with a second base 337 of the second portion 333 toform the manifold. In an exemplary embodiment, flat surfaces of firstand second bases 335, 337 can face one another and be mated together viaa plurality of screws inserted through mating holes 339 formed in eachof the first and second portions 331, 333, although the first and secondportions 331, 333 can be mated together in any combination of one ormore ways, e.g., screws, adhesive, welding, etc. A sealing element,e.g., an o-ring, can be disposed therebetween to provide fluid sealingbetween the first and second portions 331, 333.

The manifold in this illustrated embodiment includes a first opening 348through which air can flow, a first coupling element 350 configured tomate with an air supply, a second opening 354 through which fluid canflow, a second coupling element 356 configured to mate with a fluidsupply, a fourth opening 368 through which the air and the fluid canflow and through which a heating element can extend, and a fourthcoupling element 370 configured to mate with a hose. In this illustratedembodiment, the first opening 348 can be configured to also have theheating element control cable extend therethrough. In this illustratedembodiment, the first coupling element 350 includes a thread, the secondcoupling element 356 includes a thread, and the fourth coupling element366 includes a tube. The manifold in this illustrated embodiment is anon-unitary, multi-piece member.

FIGS. 16-20 illustrate another embodiment of a fuel dispensing device401 configured to heat fluid (not shown) that can be dispensedtherefrom. The device 401 can include a hose 400, a nozzle 402, aheating element (not shown), a movable element 414, and a manifold 430.The hose 400 can be configured as a coaxial hose and include at leasttwo coaxial tubes, e.g., an outer tube 420 and an inner tube (notshown). The nozzle 402 can include a dispensing trigger 408, a fluidexit opening 410, and an air exit opening 412. Like the nozzle 102 ofFIG. 1, the nozzle 402 of FIGS. 16-18 can have the fluid exit opening410 located distal to the air exit opening 412. This relativepositioning can allow the heated air to pass through the air exitopening 412 at any time regardless of whether or not the nozzle 402 isseated in a nozzle boot 403 and regardless of whether or not the fluidis passing through the fluid exit opening 410.

The device 401 can include a housing 405 configured to be securelymounted to the ground and/or other stable area. The housing 405 can havethe nozzle boot 403 formed therein. The housing 405 can have a secondnozzle boot 407 formed therein configured to seat a second nozzle (notshown) similar to the nozzle 402 that can be coupled to a hose (notshown) similar to the hose 400, which can be coupled to a manifold (notshown) similar to the manifold 430.

The manifold 430 in this illustrated embodiment is a unitary member, asshown in FIGS. 16, 19, and 20. The manifold 430 can be fixedly mountedto the housing 405, as in this illustrated embodiment. The manifold 430is disposed within the housing 405 in this illustrated embodiment, but amanifold can be fully or partially located outside a housing. Locatingthe manifold at least partially outside the housing can facilitaterepair and/or upgrade of broken or outdated parts without requiringopening of the housing at all and/or opening of the housing in an easierway than if the part being repaired and/or upgraded is entirely withinthe housing. The manifold 430 can include a first opening through whichair can flow, a first coupling element 450 configured to mate with anair supply, a second opening through which fluid can flow, a secondcoupling element 456 configured to mate with a fluid supply, a fourthopening through which the air and the fluid can flow and through which aheating element can extend, and a fourth coupling element 466 configuredto mate with the hose 400. In this illustrated embodiment, the firstopening can be configured to also have a heating element control cableextend therethrough. In this illustrated embodiment, the first couplingelement 450 includes a tube, the second coupling element 456 includes athread, and the fourth coupling element 466 includes a thread.

FIGS. 21-23 illustrate another embodiment of a fuel dispensing device501 configured to heat fluid (not shown) that can be dispensedtherefrom. The device 501 can include a housing 505, a hose 500, anozzle 502, a nozzle boot 503, a heating element (not shown), a movableelement 514, and a manifold 530. The hose 500 can be configured as acoaxial hose and include at least two coaxial tubes, e.g., an outer tube520 and an inner tube (not shown). The nozzle 502 can include adispensing trigger 508, a fluid exit opening (not shown), and an airexit opening 512. Like the nozzle 102 of FIG. 1, the nozzle 502 of FIGS.21 and 22 can have the fluid exit opening located distal to the air exitopening 512.

Similar to the manifold 430 of FIGS. 16, 19, and 20, the manifold 530 ofFIGS. 21-23 is a unitary member and is fixed to the housing 501. Themanifold 530 can include a first opening through which air can flow, afirst coupling element 550 configured to mate with an air supply, asecond opening through which fluid can flow, a second coupling element556 configured to mate with a fluid supply, a third opening throughwhich a heating element control cable 546 can extend, a third couplingelement 564 configured to mate with the control cable 546, a fourthopening through which the air and the fluid can flow and through which aheating element can extend, and a fourth coupling element 566 configuredto mate with the hose 500. In this illustrated embodiment, the first,second, third, and fourth coupling elements 550, 556, 564, 566 eachinclude a thread. FIGS. 21-23 also show a tube 558 mated to the secondcoupling element 556 and through which the fluid flows, and show a tube552 mated to the first coupling element 550 and through which the airflows.

The device 501 in this illustrated embodiment also includes a secondhose 600, a second nozzle 602, a second nozzle boot 607, a secondheating element (not shown), a second movable element 614, and a secondmanifold 630 similar to the hose 500, the nozzle 502, the nozzle boot503, the heating element (not shown for the hose 500 and nozzle 502 inthis illustrated embodiment), the movable element 514, and the manifold530.

FIGS. 24 and 25 illustrate another embodiment of a fuel dispensingdevice configured to heat fluid 700 that can be dispensed therefrom. Thedevice can include a housing 705, a hose 700, a nozzle 702, a nozzleboot 703, a heating element (not shown), a movable element 714, and amanifold 730. The hose 700 can be configured as a coaxial hose andinclude at least two coaxial tubes, e.g., an outer tube 720, a fluidpassageway 722, and an air tube 724. The nozzle 702 can include adispensing trigger 708, a fluid exit opening (not shown), and an airexit opening 712. Like the nozzle 102 of FIG. 1, the nozzle 702 of FIG.24 can have a fluid exit opening 710 located distal to an air exitopening 712.

Similar to the manifold 430 of FIGS. 16, 19, and 20, the manifold 730 ofFIG. 25 is a unitary member and is fixed to the housing 701. Themanifold 730 can include a first opening through which air can flow, afirst coupling element 750 configured to mate with an air supply, asecond opening through which fluid can flow, a second coupling element756 configured to mate with a fluid supply, a third opening throughwhich a heating element control cable (not shown) can extend, a thirdcoupling element 764 configured to mate with the control cable, a fourthopening through which the air and the fluid can flow and through whichthe heating element can extend, and a fourth coupling element 766configured to mate with the hose 700. In this illustrated embodiment,the first, second, third, and fourth coupling elements 750, 756, 764,766 each include a thread.

FIG. 26 illustrates another embodiment of a fuel dispensing deviceconfigured to heat fluid 904 that can be dispensed therefrom. The devicecan include a hose 900, a nozzle 902, a heating element (not shown), anair exit opening 912, a movable element 914, and a manifold (not shown).The hose 900 can be configured as a coaxial hose and include at leasttwo coaxial tubes, e.g., an outer tube 920 and an inner tube 924. Thenozzle 902 can include a dispensing trigger 908, and a fluid exitopening 910. The nozzle 902 of FIG. 26 can have the fluid exit opening910 located distal to the air exit opening 912. The air exit opening 912can be from the hose 900 such that air 906 exiting the air exit opening912 does not enter the nozzle 902. Instead, the exiting air 906 can flowoutside of the nozzle 902 so as to facilitate heating of the nozzle 902from an exterior thereof. In other words, the air passageway throughwhich the air 906 flows can be located within the hose 900 but notwithin the nozzle 902. The hose 900 can thus be configured to be usedwith existing nozzles such that the nozzles need not be retrofitted forheating using the coaxial heating system disclosed herein.

The fuel dispensing device can include an air diverter 927 configured tofacilitate flow of the fluid 904 into the nozzle 902 without mixing theair 906 with the fluid 904 and while allowing the air 906 to exit fromthe air exit opening 912. In other words, the air diverter 927 can beconfigured to divert the air 906 within the hose 900, e.g., within theinner tube 924, to an area outside the nozzle 902 while allowing thefluid 904 within the hose 900, e.g., within a gap of space 922 betweenthe inner and outer tubes 920, 924, to flow into the nozzle 902. As inthe illustrated embodiment, the air diverter 927 can be located proximalto the movable element 914, which can facilitate retrofitting toexisting nozzles and/or can help maintain heated air flow around thenozzle 902 even during use of the nozzle 902 by a user.

In some embodiments, a fuel dispensing system can include a nozzle thatincludes an air intake opening instead of an air exit opening. The airintake opening can be similar to the air exit openings described hereinexcept that instead of heated air passing through the nozzle in a distaldirection and exiting the nozzle through the air exit opening, heatedair can pass through the nozzle in a proximal direction and enter thenozzle through the air intake opening. The heated air that enters thenozzle through the air intake opening can pass into the hose from thenozzle, thereby allowing fuel to be heated within the hose as well aswithin the nozzle. The hose can include an air exit opening similar tothe air exit openings described herein for nozzles, thereby allowing theheated air to exit the system. The hose's air exit opening can allow theair to be released directly into the atmosphere or to first be releasedinto an element of the fuel dispensing system, such as a housing, beforebeing released into the atmosphere.

The heated air can be provided to the nozzle for entry into the nozzlein a variety of ways. For example, an air supply similar to thosedescribed herein can be coupled to a nozzle boot configured toselectively seat the nozzle. The air supply can be configured to supplythe air in a heated state into proximity of the nozzle, e.g., into anozzle boot that seats the nozzle, into a shroud that covers the nozzle,etc. The heated air can then be allowed to enter the nozzle's air intakeopening.

Because the air is heated prior to entering either the nozzle or thehose when the nozzle is configured to have the heated air enter therein,a heating element need not be disposed within either the nozzle or thehose. This can facilitate manufacturing of the nozzle and the hose.

In some embodiments, a nozzle including an air intake opening can alsoinclude an air exit opening. In such an embodiment, the hose need notinclude an air exit opening even though the heated air that enters thenozzle may also be able to enter the hose so as to heat fuel therein.The hose not including an air exit opening can make the system easier tomanufacture and/or maintain since conventional hoses can be used and/orheated air can exit from an element (e.g., the nozzle) that can bealready exposed to the outside environment by virtue of itsaccessibility in a nozzle boot.

In some embodiments, a fuel dispensing device can include an aircontainment mechanism configured to facilitate heating of the fueldispensing device's nozzle using heated air that exits the nozzle, e.g.,through an air exit opening thereof, or that enters the nozzle, e.g.,through an air intake opening thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, theair containment mechanism can be configured to facilitate heating of thenozzle's spout, e.g., the nozzle's fluid exit opening, which asmentioned above can be more prone to fluid freezing due to its closerproximity to weather than other portions of the nozzle and hose. The aircontainment mechanism can be configured to help contain the heated airin proximity with the nozzle, e.g., the nozzle's spout, whether theheated air is released from the nozzle or is supplied in proximity ofthe nozzle for entry into the nozzle. The air containment mechanism canthus effectively use “waste” heated air to further help prevent thefreezing of fluid.

The fuel dispensing device can include a sensor in proximity of the aircontainment mechanism, e.g., attached to the nozzle adjacent the airexit opening, attached to the nozzle boot, attached to the nozzleadjacent the air intake opening, etc., and configured to sense anambient temperature. By using this sensor alone or in combination withother sensors configured to sense temperature, heating can be moreefficiently controlled, e.g., turned on or off in response totemperature, so as to better help ensure that fluid does not freeze andthat heat is provided when necessary and not provided when unnecessary.

The air containment mechanism can be configured to be a passive elementthat a user of the fuel dispensing device need not manipulate, e.g.,remove, open, etc., in order to handle the nozzle and dispense fluidtherefrom. The user's experience can thus be akin to the user's currentdispensing expectations, which can help provide for a better userexperience than at least some traditional heating techniques, such as ashroud that a user must move and/or remove prior to dispensing.

The air containment mechanism can be located at a portion of a fueldispensing device's housing that seats the nozzle, e.g., a nozzle bootof the device. In this way, the fuel dispensing device can be configuredto heat the nozzle when not in use, e.g., when fluid is not beingdispensed therefrom, which can be when the fluid is more likely tofreeze since it is not flowing and in motion.

The air containment mechanism can include a cavity open at a bottomthereof and closed upwards, similar to an awning. In an exemplaryembodiment, the cavity can be located in the nozzle boot portion of thefuel dispensing device with the open bottom of the cavity being locatedin a direction toward the ground on which the fuel dispensing device isseated. The open bottom can be completely open, e.g., unobscured by anymaterial, or the open bottom can be partially open, e.g., at leastpartially obscured by a material. For a semi-open bottom, the materialat least partially obscuring the cavity can be a variety of materials,such as a type of broom material that can allow air to pass therethroughwhile also helping to insulate the cavity by helping to contain heatedair within the cavity, or a type of screen material that can allow airto pass therethrough while also helping to insulate the cavity byhelping to contain heated air within the cavity. If the bottom issemi-open, the material at least partially obscuring the bottom can beconfigured to be a passive element that a user of the fuel dispensingdevice need not manipulate, e.g., remove, open, etc., in order to handlethe nozzle and dispense fluid therefrom.

FIG. 27 illustrates an embodiment of a fuel dispensing device 801configured to heat fluid that can be dispensed therefrom. The fueldispensing device 801 is the same as the device 401 of FIGS. 16-20except that the device 801 of FIG. 27 includes an air containmentmechanism configured to facilitate heating of the fuel dispensingdevice's nozzle 402 using heated air that exits the nozzle 402 throughthe air exit opening 412, as shown by air exit arrows 818. The aircontainment mechanism in this illustrated embodiment is located at aportion of a fuel dispensing device's housing that seats the nozzle andincludes a cavity 813 defined by the nozzle boot 403 and a cover 811such that the cavity 813 has closed walls except for an open bottomthrough which the nozzle 402 can extend when seated in the boot 403. Theair containment mechanism can thus be configured to help contain theheated air that exits the air exit opening 412 in proximity to thenozzle 402 and in particular in proximity to a distal portion thereofincluding the fluid exit opening 410. The cover 811 in this illustratedembodiment includes a rectangular plate, but the cover 811 can haveother shapes and sizes in accordance with, e.g., size and shape of thenozzle, size and shape of the nozzle boot, location of the air exitopening, etc.

In some embodiments, a sensor configured to sense ambient temperaturecan be disposed within the cavity 813, e.g., attached to the cover 811,attached to a wall of the fuel dispensing device 801 within the nozzleboot 803, etc. The sensed temperature can be used to help controlheating, as discussed above.

FIG. 28 illustrates an embodiment of a fuel dispensing device configuredto heat fluid 1004 that can be dispensed therefrom. The fuel dispensingdevice is the same as the device of FIG. 26 except that the device ofFIG. 28 includes an air containment mechanism 1029 configured tofacilitate heating of the fuel dispensing device's nozzle 902 usingheated air that exits the air exit opening 912 into a gap of space 1041defined between the nozzle 902 and the air containment mechanism 1029and between the air diverter 927 and the air containment mechanism 1029.The air containment mechanism 1029 can be configured to help containheated air that exits the hose 900 around an exterior of the nozzle 902in an embodiment in which heated air is directed distally. In anembodiment in which heated air is directed proximally into the hose 900,the air containment mechanism 1029 can be configured to help direct theheated air around an exterior of the nozzle 902.

The air containment mechanism 1029 can be disposed around at least aportion of the nozzle 902, e.g., a proximal portion, to facilitateheating of the nozzle 902. As in this illustrated embodiment, the aircontainment mechanism 1029 can be located entirely proximally to thefluid exit opening 910, e.g., entirely proximally to a distal end of thenozzle's spout. Such placement can help avoid the air containmentmechanism 1029 from getting in the way of the fluid 904 being dispensedfrom the nozzle 902 while helping to heat the nozzle 902 with heatedair.

The air containment mechanism 1029 can be in fluid communication withthe air diverter 927, thereby allowing the air 906 to pass freelybetween the air diverter 927 and the air containment mechanism 1029.

The air containment mechanism 1029 can be configured to be removably andreplaceably coupled to the fuel dispensing device, such as by beingconfigured to clamp thereon and unclamp therefrom, by being configuredto be snap fit onto and off from the nozzle 902, etc. The aircontainment mechanism 1029 being removable and replaceable canfacilitate retrofitting the air containment mechanism 1029 to existingnozzles and/or can facilitate repair, cleaning, etc. of the nozzle 902.In other embodiments, the air containment mechanism 1029 can benon-removably attached to the fuel dispensing device, such as by beingintegrally formed with the fuel dispensing device, by being weldedthereto, etc.

The air containment mechanism 1029 has a generally cylindrical shape inthis illustrated embodiment so as to correspond to the generallycylindrical outer shape of this illustrated embodiment's nozzle 902, butthe air containment mechanism 1029 can have other shapes.

In some embodiments, a fuel dispensing device can be configured to heata nozzle of the fuel dispensing device using heated air released fromthe fuel dispensing device through an air exit opening located within oradjacent to a nozzle boot of the fuel dispensing device. The air exitopening can be oriented in a direction toward the nozzle boot to helpdirect the heated air toward the nozzle boot and, thus, toward thenozzle when the nozzle is seated in the nozzle boot. The heated air thatexits the air exit opening can thus be configured to heat the nozzleboot and to heat the nozzle when the nozzle is seated in the nozzleboot. In some embodiments, the nozzle can include the air exit openinglocated adjacent to a nozzle boot of the fuel dispensing device, such asin the embodiment of the nozzle 102 of FIG. 1 that includes the air exitopening 112, in the embodiment of the nozzle 402 of FIGS. 17 and 27 thatincludes the air exit opening 412, in the embodiment of the nozzle 502of FIG. 21 that includes the air exit opening 512, in the embodiment ofthe nozzle 702 of FIG. 24 that includes the air exit opening 712, and inthe embodiment of the nozzle 902 of FIGS. 26 and 28 that includes theair exit opening 912. In some embodiments, the fuel dispensing devicecan include a conduit disposed within the fuel dispensing device, e.g.,within a housing thereof, that can include the air exit opening locatedadjacent to a nozzle boot of the fuel dispensing device. The heated airthat flows through the conduit can include ambient air from within thehousing that has already been heated within the housing, such that theconduit can be configured to redirect the heated air toward the nozzle.

FIG. 30 illustrates an embodiment of a fuel dispensing device 1including a first conduit 9 disposed within the fuel dispensing device 1and having an air exit opening 19 located adjacent to a nozzle boot 12of the fuel dispensing device 1. The device 1 can include a hose 4, anozzle 5, a fluid supply 14, and a fluid meter 20. The device 1 can alsoinclude a housing 21 generally divided into an electronics compartment 2and a hydraulics compartment 3.

The fluid supply 14 in this illustrated embodiment is in the form of areservoir configured to be located underground. The fluid, e.g., thefuel, in the fluid supply 14 can be configured to be advanced into thehose 4 from the fluid supply 14 through a fluid line 13 that extends tothe fluid meter 20.

The hose 4 in this illustrated embodiment is configured to circulate thefuel therein, which can facilitate heating of the fuel. In general, thefuel can be circulated within the hose 4 using a circulation systemwhile allowing the fuel 4 to be dispensed on demand from the nozzle 5.Exemplary embodiments of circulation systems configured to circulatefluid within a fluid dispensing device's hose are further described inWO 2011/054400 entitled “Fluid Dispensing Unit Having A CirculationSystem And A Method For Circulating A Fluid In A Fluid Dispensing Unit”filed Nov. 9, 2009, which is incorporated by reference herein in itsentirety.

As in this illustrated embodiment, the circulation system can include aheating element 6, an inner fluid reservoir 15 in communication with(e.g., directly connected thereto or located in close proximity of) theheating element 6, a first fluid duct 16 extending from the inner fluidreservoir 15 to and coaxially through the hose 4, a second fluid duct 17extending between the hose 4 and the inner fluid reservoir 15, and amotor 8 configured to drive the fuel to facilitate the fuel circulation.The fuel can be configured to circulate from the inner fluid reservoir14, through the first fluid duct 16, out of the distal opening of thefirst fluid duct 16 and back to the inner fluid reservoir 14 through thehose 4 and the second fluid duct 17. The first fluid duct 16 can have adistal opening (not shown), e.g., a fluid exit opening, in the fluidhose 4 that is located proximal to the nozzle 5. The fuel dispensingdevice 1 can include a valve (not shown) configured to control when thefuel flows through the distal opening or recirculates in the hose 4.Electronics (e.g., a controller, a microprocessor, a CPU, etc.)contained in the electronics compartment 2 can be configured to controlthe opening and closing of the valve.

As shown in this illustrated embodiment, the hose 4 can include coaxialpassageways therein to facilitate the heating of the fuel. In thisillustrated embodiment, the fuel can circulate in a direction from theinner fluid reservoir 15 toward the nozzle 5 in an inner one of thecoaxial passageways, as shown by first circulation arrows 22, and cancirculate in a direction toward the inner fluid reservoir 15 in an outerone of the coaxial passageways, as shown by first circulation arrows 23.

The fuel can be circulated within the hose 4 when the fuel dispensingdevice 1 is not in use, e.g., when the nozzle 5 is seated in the nozzleboot 12 and does not have fuel being dispensed therefrom. Thecirculating system can thus help prevent stationary fuel remainingwithin the hose 4 and/or the nozzle 5 from freezing.

The fuel dispensing device 1 can include one or more temperature sensors(not shown) configured to sense a temperature of the fluid in the hose4, a temperature of the fluid in the nozzle 5, an ambient temperaturewithin the housing 21 (e.g., within the hydraulics compartment 3),and/or an ambient outdoor temperature outside the housing 21. The sensedtemperature can be used, e.g., by electronics (e.g., a controller, amicroprocessor, a CPU, etc.) contained in the electronics compartment 2,to control the starting and stopping of the fuel's circulation in thehose 4. For example, if the sensed temperature is greater than apredetermined threshold temperature, e.g., the temperature at which thefuel can begin to crystallize, the circulation can be off, and if thesensed temperature is less than the predetermined threshold temperature,the circulation can be on.

The sensed temperature can be used, e.g., by the electronics in theelectronics compartment 2, to control an amount of heat provided by theheating element 6, thereby controlling how much the fuel is heated. Forexample, if the sensed temperature is within a first predetermined rangeof temperatures, the heating element 6 can provide a first level ofheat, and if the sensed temperature is within a second predeterminedrange of temperatures that are lower than the first predetermined range,the heating element 6 can provide a second level of heat that is greaterthan the first level of heat.

The sensed temperature can be used, e.g., by the electronics in theelectronics compartment 2, to control a flow rate of the circulated fuelin the hose 4, e.g., by controlling a power output of the motor 8. Thefuel dispensing unit 1 can include a proportional valve (not shown)configured to facilitate control of the flow rate. In general, thehigher the motor's power output, the higher the fuel's flow rate withinthe hose 4 and the more heated the fuel. For example, if the sensedtemperature is greater than a predetermined threshold temperature, themotor 8 can provide a first amount of power output, and if the sensedtemperature is below the predetermined threshold temperature, the motor8 can provide a second amount of power output that is greater than thefirst amount of power output.

The heating element 6, the motor 8, and a fan 7 can be configured tocooperate to provide and transport heated air through the first conduit9 and out the air exit opening 19. In this illustrated embodiment thefan 7 and the motor 8 are separate, independent elements, but the fan 7and the motor 8 can be part of a single unit providing both fan andmotor functions. The first conduit 9 includes a rigid elongate tube inthis illustrated embodiment, but the first conduit 9 can have otherconfigurations, such as a flexible elongate tube. In general, the firstconduit 9 can be configured to pass heated air from within the housing21 to the nozzle boot 12 in a direction of conduit arrows 25, therebyfacilitating the heating of the nozzle 5 when the nozzle 5 is seated inthe nozzle boot 5. The first conduit 9 can be cannulated, with theheated air passing through the cannulated interior of the first conduit,e.g., through an inner lumen thereof. The fuel dispensing device 1 caninclude an air containment mechanism (not shown), as discussed herein,configured to facilitate heating of the nozzle 5 using heated air thatenters the nozzle boot 12.

A proximal end of the first conduit 9 can be in communication with theheating element 6 such that air adjacent to the heating element 6 canpass into the first conduit 9 through a proximal opening 24 of the firstconduit 9. A distal end of the first conduit 9 can be in communicationwith the nozzle boot 12 such that air can exit the first conduit 9 andenter the nozzle boot 12 through the first conduit's air exit opening19.

The heated air passing through the first conduit 9 can be ambient airfrom within the housing 21, e.g., from within the hydraulics compartment3. In this way, a separate air supply need not be provided. The heatingelement 6 can be located upstream of the fan 7, as in this illustratedembodiment, such that air drawn by the fan 7 into the first conduit 9has been in proximity of the heating element 6 so as to have been heatedby the heating element 6 before being drawn into the first conduit 9. Inthis way, as mentioned above, heated air can enter the first conduit 9through the proximal opening thereof that is in communication with theheating element 6.

The motor 8 can be configured to drive the fan 7. The motor 8 can thusbe configured to drive the circulation of the fuel through the hose 4and to drive the flow of heated air through the first conduit 9.

Similar to that discussed above regarding the circulation of fuel in thehose 4, a sensed temperature can be used to control the starting andstopping of the heated air's passing into the first conduit 9 (e.g., bystarting and stopping the fan 7); can be used to control an amount ofheat provided by the heating element 6, thereby controlling how much theair in the first conduit 9 is heated; and/or can be used to control aflow rate of the heated air within the first conduit 9 (e.g., bycontrolling a rotation speed of the fan 7).

The fuel dispensing device 1 in this illustrated embodiment includes asecond hose 4 a that can be configured to circulate fuel therein similarto the hose 4, and includes another first conduit 9 a that can beconfigured to heat a second nozzle boot 12 a similar to the firstconduit 9. The fuel dispensing device 1 can thus include a second motor8 a, a second fuel line 13 a, a second inner fluid reservoir 15 a,another first fluid duct 16 a, another second fluid duct 17 a, and asecond fluid meter 20 a. The heating element 6 and the fan 7 can beconfigured to facilitate the heating of both nozzle boots 12, 12 a andboth hoses 4, 4 a.

In some embodiments, a fuel dispensing device can be configured to heata housing thereof, e.g., heat an interior of the housing. FIG. 31illustrates an embodiment of a fuel dispensing device 1 b configured toheat a housing 21 thereof. The fuel dispensing device 1 b of FIG. 31 issimilar to the fuel dispensing device 1 of FIG. 30 and has like-namedand like-numbered components accordingly. Unlike the embodimentillustrated in FIG. 30 in which the fan 7 is located above the heatingelement 6, e.g., located closer to a top of the hydraulics compartment3, the embodiment of FIG. 31 includes a fan 7 b located below theheating element 6, e.g., closer to the 26, and the embodiment of FIG. 31includes a second conduit 10.

In general, the second conduit 10 can be configured to facilitate theheating of the housing 21 by passing heated air therethrough and out adistal opening 27 thereof that is located within the housing 21, e.g.,within the hydraulics compartment 3 of the housing 21. A proximal end ofthe second conduit 10 can be in communication with the heating element 6such that air adjacent to the heating element 6 can pass into the secondconduit 10 through a proximal opening 28 of the second conduit 10. Thedistal opening 27 can be located adjacent to and can be directed towarda bottom of the housing 21, e.g., a bottom of the hydraulics compartment3. In this way, heated air exiting the second conduit 10 can riseupwards, thereby facilitating efficient heating of the housing'sinterior, e.g., the hydraulics compartment's interior.

The heated air passing through the second conduit 10 can be ambient airfrom within the housing 21, e.g., from within the hydraulics compartment3. In this way, a separate air supply need not be provided. The heatingelement 6 can be located upstream of the fan 7 b, as in this illustratedembodiment, such that air drawn by the fan 7 b into the second conduit10 has been in proximity of the heating element 6 so as to have beenheated by the heating element 6 before being drawn into the secondconduit 10. In this way, heated air can enter the second conduit 10through the proximal opening 28 thereof that is in communication withthe heating element 6.

The motor 8 can be configured to drive the fan 7 b. The motor 8 can thusbe configured to drive the circulation of the fuel through the hose 4and to drive the flow of heated air through the second conduit 10.

Similar to that discussed above regarding the circulation of fuel in thehose 4, a sensed temperature can be used to control the starting andstopping of the heated air's passing into the second conduit 10 (e.g.,by starting and stopping the fan 7 b); can be used to control an amountof heat provided by the heating element 6, thereby controlling how muchthe air in the second conduit 10 is heated; and/or can be used tocontrol a flow rate of the heated air within the second conduit 10(e.g., by controlling a rotation speed of the fan 7 b).

FIG. 32 illustrates another embodiment of a fuel dispensing device 1 cconfigured to heat a housing 21 thereof. The fuel dispensing device 1 cof FIG. 32 is similar to the fuel dispensing device 1 of FIG. 30 and haslike-named and like-numbered components accordingly. In this illustratedembodiment, the fuel dispensing device 1 c includes a third conduit 11that, in general, can be configured to facilitate the heating of thehousing 21 by passing heated air therethrough and out a distal opening29 thereof that is located within the housing 21, e.g., within thehydraulics compartment 3 of the housing 21. A proximal end of the thirdconduit 11 can be in communication with the heating element 6 such thatair adjacent to the heating element 6 can pass into the third conduit 11through a proximal opening 30 of the third conduit 11. The distalopening 29 can be located adjacent to and can be directed toward a topof the housing 21, e.g., a top of the hydraulics compartment 3. In thisway, since heated air tends to rise, air that has risen to the top ofthe housing 21, e.g., at the top of the hydraulics compartment 3, can bedirected from top to bottom, thereby facilitating efficient heating ofthe housing's interior, e.g., the hydraulics compartment's interior.

The heated air passing through the third conduit 11 can be ambient airfrom within the housing 21, e.g., from within the hydraulics compartment3. In this way, a separate air supply need not be provided. The heatingelement 6 can be located upstream of the fan 7 c, as in this illustratedembodiment, such that air drawn by the fan 7 c into the third conduit 11has been in proximity of the heating element 6 so as to have been heatedby the heating element 6 before being drawn into the third conduit 11.In this way, heated air can enter the third conduit 11 through theproximal opening 30 thereof that is in communication with the heatingelement 6.

The motor 8 can be configured to drive the fan 7 c. The motor 8 can thusbe configured to drive the circulation of the fuel through the hose 4and to drive the flow of heated air through the third conduit 11.

Similar to that discussed above regarding the circulation of fuel in thehose 4, a sensed temperature can be used to control the starting andstopping of the heated air's passing into the third conduit 11 (e.g., bystarting and stopping the fan 7 c); can be used to control an amount ofheat provided by the heating element 6, thereby controlling how much theair in the third conduit 11 is heated; and/or can be used to control aflow rate of the heated air within the third conduit 11 (e.g., bycontrolling a rotation speed of the fan 7 c).

A fuel dispensing device, e.g., any of the fuel dispensing devicesdescribed with respect to FIGS. 1-32, can include any one of more offirst, second, and third conduits configured similar to the first,second, and third conduits 9, 10, 11 of FIGS. 30-32, respectively. Afuel dispensing device that includes at least two of the first, second,and third conduits can be configured to efficiently protect againstfluid freezing at least because a plurality of the same components(e.g., the same heating elements and the same fan) can be used toprovide heating via the two or more conduits and/or the same temperaturesensor readings can be used to simultaneously control heating via themultiple conduits (e.g., the starting and the stopping of the fan cansimultaneously start and stop air flow through multiple conduits, thespeeding up or slowing down of the fan can simultaneously change flowrates in multiple conduits, the changing of the heating element's heatlevel can simultaneously change how hot heated air is within each ofmultiple conduits, etc.). Similarly, a fuel dispensing device thatincludes at least one of the first, second, and third conduits andincludes a circulating system configured to circulate fluid through ahose of the fuel dispensing device can be configured to efficientlyprotect against fluid freezing at least because a plurality of the samecomponents can be used to provide heating via the conduit(s) and thehose and/or the same temperature sensor readings can be used tosimultaneously control heating via the conduit(s) and the hose.

This written description uses examples to disclose the invention,including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in theart to practice the invention, including making and using any devices orsystems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope ofthe invention is defined by the claims and may include other examplesthat occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intendedto be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elementsthat do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if theyinclude equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differencesfrom the literal languages of the claims.

1. A fuel dispensing device, comprising: a housing configured to becoupled to a fuel supply; a nozzle boot coupled to the housing, thenozzle boot being configured to removably and replaceably seat afuel-dispensing nozzle therein; a heating element disposed at leastpartially within the housing and configured to heat air; a tubularmember having an inner lumen extending therethrough, an air exit openingof the inner lumen being located adjacent to the nozzle boot; and a flowmechanism configured to urge the air heated by the heating element toflow through the inner lumen of the tubular member so as to direct theair heated by the heating element out of the air exit opening and intothe nozzle boot.
 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the heating elementis positioned upstream of the flow mechanism, and an air entranceopening of the tubular member is positioned upstream of the flowmechanism.
 3. The device of claim 1, further comprising a second tubularmember having a second inner lumen extending therethrough, the secondinner lumen having a second air exit opening located within the housing,and the flow mechanism being configured to urge the heated air to flowthrough the second inner lumen of the second tubular member so as todirect the heated air out of the second air exit opening and into thehousing.
 4. The device of claim 3, wherein a bottom of the housing isconfigured to rest on a ground, the flow mechanism being located closerto the bottom of the housing than the heating element.
 5. The device ofclaim 3, wherein a bottom of the housing is configured to rest on aground, the heating element being located closer to the bottom of thehousing than the flow mechanism.
 6. The device of claim 3, furthercomprising a third tubular member having a third inner lumen extendingtherethrough, the third inner lumen having a third air exit openinglocated within the housing, and the flow mechanism being configured tourge the heated air to flow through the third inner lumen of the thirdtubular member so as to direct the heated air out of the third air exitopening and into the housing.
 7. The device of claim 1, furthercomprising a manifold attached to the housing in a fixed positionrelative thereto, the manifold including the tubular member, themanifold including a second inner lumen extending therethrough, thesecond inner lumen being configured to flow fuel from the fuel supplytherethrough, and the manifold being configured to prevent the airflowing through the inner lumen from mixing with the fuel flowingthrough the second inner lumen.
 8. The device of claim 1, wherein theflow mechanism includes at least one of a fan and a pump.
 9. The deviceof claim 1, wherein the fuel comprises diesel exhaust fluid (DEF).
 10. Afluid dispensing device, comprising: a hose configured to pass fluidtherethrough, the hose having first and second coaxial passagewaysextending therethrough, the first and second coaxial passageways beingconfigured to facilitate heating of the fluid flowing through the hose;a nozzle attached to a distal end of the hose, the nozzle beingconfigured to dispense the fluid therefrom; a nozzle boot configured toremovably and replaceably seat the nozzle; and a heating elementconfigured to heat air directed into the nozzle boot so as to allow theheated air to heat the nozzle when the nozzle is seated in the nozzleboot.
 11. The device of claim 10, wherein one of the first and secondcoaxial passageways is configured to pass the heated air therethrough,and the other of the first and second coaxial passageways is configuredto pass the fluid therethrough, the one of the first and second coaxialpassageways having an exit opening oriented to direct the heated airinto the nozzle boot.
 12. The device of claim 10, wherein the first andsecond coaxial passageways are not in fluid communication with oneanother such that the fluid can flow through one of the first and secondcoaxial passageways and out of the nozzle, and the heated air can flowthrough the other of the first and second coaxial passageways.
 13. Thedevice of claim 10, further comprising an elongate tube having an innerlumen extending therethrough and configured to pass the heated airtherethrough, the elongate tube having an exit opening oriented todirect the heated air flowing through the inner lumen into the nozzleboot.
 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the first and second coaxialpassageways are in fluid communication with one another and areconfigured to circulate the fluid therein.
 15. The device of claim 14,wherein the heating element is configured to heat the fluid circulatingin the first and second coaxial passageways.
 16. The device of claim 13,further comprising a second elongate tube having a second inner lumenextending therethrough and configured to pass the heated airtherethrough, the second elongate tube having a second exit openingoriented to direct the heated air flowing through the second inner lumeninto a cabinet of the fluid dispensing device.
 17. The device of claim10, further comprising a second hose configured to pass the fluidtherethrough, the second hose having third and fourth coaxialpassageways extending therethrough, the third and fourth coaxialpassageways being configured to facilitate heating of the fluid; asecond nozzle attached to a distal end of the second hose, the secondnozzle being configured to dispense the fluid therefrom; and a secondnozzle boot configured to removably and replaceably seat the secondnozzle therein; wherein the heating element is configured to heat airdirected into the second nozzle boot so as to allow the heated air toheat the second nozzle when the second nozzle is seated in the secondnozzle boot.
 18. The device of claim 17, further comprising a firstelongate tube having an inner lumen extending therethrough andconfigured to pass the heated air therethrough, the elongate tube havingan exit opening oriented to direct the heated air flowing through theinner lumen into the nozzle boot; and a second elongate tube having asecond inner lumen extending therethrough and configured to pass theheated air therethrough, the second elongate tube having a second exitopening oriented to direct the heated air flowing through the secondinner lumen into the second nozzle boot.
 19. The device of claim 18,further comprising a fan located downstream of the heating element, thefan being configured to direct the heated air into the first and secondelongate tubes.
 20. The device of claim 10, wherein the fluid comprisesdiesel exhaust fluid (DEF). 21-41. (canceled)